Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 2 (week ending 14 January 2024)
Updated 30 December 2024
Applies to England and Wales
© Crown copyright 2024
This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk.
Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned.
This publication is available at /government/publications/notifiable-diseases-causative-agents-reports-for-2024/noids-causative-agents-week-2-week-ending-14-january-2024
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mpox (monkeypox) virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2023/49 | 2023/50 | 2023/51 | 2023/52 | 2024/01 | 2024/02 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bacillus cereus | 11 | 13 | 14 | 6 | 16 | 10 |
| Bordetella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bordetella pertussis | 15 | 24 | 32 | 13 | 26 | 36 |
| Borrelia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 22 | 26 | 12 | 7 | 9 | 15 |
| Borrelia sp | 5 | 6 | 2 | 2 | - | 3 |
| Brucella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Brucella melitensis | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Brucella sp | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Campylobacter coli | 21 | 30 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 23 |
| Campylobacter fetus | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 200 | 218 | 207 | 142 | 154 | 163 |
| Campylobacter other named | - | - | 1 | 1 | 3 | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 829 | 823 | 802 | 436 | 650 | 598 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 | - | - | - | - | 4 |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | - | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| Chikungunya virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Chikungunya virus | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Clostridium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Clostridium perfringens | 26 | 34 | 34 | 28 | 41 | 14 |
| Coronavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coronavirus | 39 | 45 | 56 | 47 | 71 | 66 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | - | 1 | 2 | - | 8 | - |
| Human coronavirus hku1 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | 3 |
| SARS coronavirus | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 114 | 182 | 163 | 191 | 170 | 111 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | - | 2 | 11 | 2 | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 6,047 | 7,971 | 9,024 | 8,125 | 7,630 | 4,773 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 68 | 51 | 84 | 83 | 139 | 79 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 30 | 67 | 41 | 20 | 25 | 23 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 130 | 378 | 196 | 84 | 107 | 104 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 14 | 35 | 36 | 30 | 43 | 27 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 71 | 115 | 104 | 113 | 130 | 82 |
| Corynebacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 3 | 2 | 4 | - | 2 | 2 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | - | 3 | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 5 | 11 | 5 | - | 3 | 4 |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 21 | 8 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 6 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 101 | 118 | 100 | 41 | 72 | 53 |
| Entamoeba | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 4 | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 4 |
| Flaviviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Dengue virus | 10 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 6 |
| Haemophilus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 69 | 72 | 73 | 50 | 74 | 55 |
| Hepatitis viruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Hepatitis A | 8 | 14 | 16 | 9 | 45 | 30 |
| Hepatitis B | 406 | 357 | 342 | 186 | 250 | 246 |
| Hepatitis C | 240 | 224 | 240 | 133 | 172 | 193 |
| Hepatitis D | 8 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 7 |
| Hepatitis E | 30 | 21 | 32 | 17 | 20 | 28 |
| Influenza virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Influenza A | 1,203 | 2,038 | 3,249 | 3,254 | 3,799 | 2,356 |
| Influenza B | 84 | 101 | 112 | 120 | 151 | 114 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 3 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 40 | 89 | 92 | 116 | 124 | 66 |
| Legionella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Legionella other named | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 4 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Legionella sp | 1 | 1 | 5 | - | 2 | - |
| Leptospira | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Leptospira interrogans | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Listeria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 6 | 26 | 11 | 4 | 4 | - |
| Mycobacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 74 | 77 | 83 | 48 | 59 | 62 |
| Neisseria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 27 | 36 | 48 | 16 | 31 | 48 |
| Orthopoxvirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mpox virus | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Paramyxoviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Measles virus | 4 | 16 | 29 | 29 | 44 | 69 |
| Mumps virus | 1 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 |
| Plasmodium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Plasmodium falciparum | - | 1 | 9 | 1 | - | 6 |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Polyomavirus BK | 48 | 51 | 55 | 49 | 34 | 49 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 13 | 10 | 12 | 4 | 10 | 7 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | 21 | 14 | 19 | 8 | 12 | 14 |
| Rickettsia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Rickettsia tsutsugamushi | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Rubella virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rubella virus | 2 | 6 | 2 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Other salmonellas | 58 | 53 | 57 | 24 | 21 | 17 |
| Salmonella chester | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 37 | 26 | 21 | 11 | 9 | - |
| Salmonella infantis | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | - | 6 | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella saint-paul | - | 8 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 17 | 12 | 23 | 11 | 57 | 85 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 17 | 21 | 23 | 12 | 15 | 11 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 24 | 20 | 18 | 11 | 9 | 11 |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella boydii | 2 | 2 | - | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 4 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 24 | 19 | 24 | 8 | 14 | 11 |
| Shigella sonnei | 31 | 27 | 29 | 20 | 18 | 8 |
| Shigella sp | 46 | 35 | 44 | 20 | 34 | 43 |
| Streptococcus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Streptococcus group A | 59 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 88 | 72 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 149 | 186 | 175 | 190 | 251 | 136 |
| Vibrio | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Vibrio cholerae | - | - | 1 | - | 3 | - |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2023/49 | 2023/50 | 2023/51 | 2023/52 | 2024/01 | 2024/02 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Citrobacter spp | KPC | - | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 2 | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | - | - |
| Enterobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | 2 | - | - | - | 3 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 5 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| Ìý | VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 1 | - |
| Enterobacter other named | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | 2 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 5 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 2 |
| Ìý | NDM | 20 | 19 | 20 | 14 | 13 | 3 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 19 | 23 | 23 | 14 | 10 | 3 |
| Ìý | Other | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Escherichia hermannii | OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Klebsiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 3 |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 8 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 2 |
| Ìý | NDM | 3 | 7 | 12 | 4 | 5 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 12 | 7 | 19 | 12 | 15 | 1 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | 1 | - | 2 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella serogenes | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella variicola | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Other klebsiella spp | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Leclercia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Morganella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Morganella morganii | VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Pantoea | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pantoea agglomerans | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Pantoea septica | NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Proteus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Proteus mirabilis | IMP | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Raoultella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Raoultella ornithinolytica | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Serratia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2023/49 | 2023/50 | 2023/51 | 2023/52 | 2024/01 | 2024/02 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | NDM | - | 2 | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Pseudomonas | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | VIM | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Pseudomonas nitroreducens | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Pseudomonas putida group | VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Other | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |