Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 7 (week ending 18 February 2024)
Updated 30 December 2024
Applies to England and Wales
© Crown copyright 2024
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Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mpox (monkeypox) virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2024/02 | 2024/03 | 2024/04 | 2024/05 | 2024/06 | 2024/07 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| West Nile virus | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Bacillus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bacillus cereus | 10 | 23 | 21 | 19 | 14 | 17 |
| Bordetella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bordetella pertussis | 37 | 58 | 70 | 75 | 111 | 72 |
| Borrelia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 15 | 8 | 13 | 21 | 12 | 11 |
| Borrelia sp | 3 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Brucella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Brucella melitensis | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Campylobacter coli | 27 | 24 | 13 | 16 | 17 | 16 |
| Campylobacter fetus | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 2 |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 175 | 267 | 201 | 197 | 204 | 196 |
| Campylobacter other named | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Campylobacter sp | 592 | 927 | 767 | 740 | 857 | 723 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 4 | - | - | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| Chikungunya virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Chikungunya virus | - | - | - | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Clostridium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Clostridium perfringens | 12 | 38 | 28 | 40 | 38 | 30 |
| Coronavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coronavirus | 65 | 106 | 201 | 234 | 236 | 251 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | - | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | - |
| Human coronavirus hku1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 4 |
| SARS coronavirus | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 111 | 189 | 239 | 175 | 131 | 120 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | - | 1 | 2 | - | 2 | 4 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 4,761 | 6,653 | 5,612 | 4,523 | 3,985 | 2,537 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 81 | 99 | 119 | 89 | 68 | 71 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 23 | 30 | 24 | 20 | 36 | 17 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 105 | 189 | 148 | 180 | 151 | 134 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 27 | 32 | 22 | 32 | 34 | 37 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 82 | 133 | 125 | 103 | 117 | 79 |
| Corynebacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 2 |
| Cryptosporidium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | - | 2 |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 8 | 4 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 4 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 51 | 96 | 48 | 65 | 54 | 42 |
| Entamoeba | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Entamoeba histolytica | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| Flaviviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Dengue virus | 6 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 9 |
| Haemophilus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 54 | 98 | 68 | 81 | 62 | 91 |
| Hepatitis viruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Hepatitis A | 13 | 14 | 19 | 29 | 22 | 22 |
| Hepatitis B | 258 | 399 | 375 | 317 | 357 | 364 |
| Hepatitis C | 209 | 299 | 252 | 231 | 236 | 260 |
| Hepatitis D | 7 | 7 | 4 | 9 | 11 | 10 |
| Hepatitis E | 29 | 46 | 19 | 35 | 35 | 36 |
| Influenza virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Influenza A | 2,400 | 4,801 | 5,922 | 5,320 | 4,794 | 3,641 |
| Influenza B | 117 | 427 | 366 | 301 | 383 | 386 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 3 | 3 | 14 | 6 | - | 6 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 66 | 84 | 122 | 126 | 285 | 74 |
| Legionella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Legionella other named | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 1 | 3 | 11 | 4 | 4 | 1 |
| Legionella sp | - | 1 | - | 2 | - | 1 |
| Leptospira | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Leptospira interrogans | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Listeria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Listeria monocytogenes | - | - | 3 | 2 | 10 | 11 |
| Mycobacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 74 | 93 | 75 | 76 | 79 | 78 |
| Neisseria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 48 | 42 | 34 | 31 | 31 | 17 |
| Orthopoxvirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mpox virus | 1 | 4 | - | 2 | 4 | 2 |
| Paramyxoviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Measles virus | 69 | 51 | 45 | 52 | 48 | 46 |
| Mumps virus | 8 | 7 | 15 | 6 | 11 | 11 |
| Plasmodium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Plasmodium falciparum | 6 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Polyomavirus BK | 49 | 80 | 45 | 62 | 38 | 47 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 5 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | 14 | 22 | 20 | 14 | 12 | 16 |
| Rickettsia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Rickettsia tsutsugamushi | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Rubella virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rubella virus | - | 3 | 3 | 9 | 1 | 1 |
| Salmonella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Other salmonellas | 55 | 61 | 48 | 52 | 18 | 19 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 19 | 27 | 18 | 21 | 20 | 9 |
| Salmonella kentucky | - | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella mississippi | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 5 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 52 | 87 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 16 | 20 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 6 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 27 | 38 | 31 | 25 | 17 | 12 |
| Slmonella enterica | - | - | - | 5 | - | - |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella boydii | 2 | 3 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Shigella flexneri | 19 | 18 | 10 | 21 | 18 | 9 |
| Shigella sonnei | 11 | 35 | 23 | 22 | 34 | 19 |
| Shigella sp | 33 | 57 | 45 | 47 | 51 | 62 |
| Streptococcus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Streptococcus group A | 74 | 89 | 85 | 72 | 79 | 75 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 135 | 139 | 115 | 168 | 189 | 176 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2024/02 | 2024/03 | 2024/04 | 2024/05 | 2024/06 | 2024/07 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Citrobacter spp | IMP | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 3 | - |
| Ìý | VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Enterobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | 1 | 1 | - | 3 | 2 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | - | 5 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 3 |
| Ìý | NDM | 5 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Enterobacter other named | IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | - | - | 2 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | 15 | 18 | 14 | 17 | 10 | 2 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 16 | 19 | 17 | 15 | 16 | - |
| Ìý | VIM | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | - |
| Escherichia hermannii | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | - | 3 | 2 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Ìý | KPC | 5 | 5 | 10 | 1 | 6 | 2 |
| Ìý | NDM | 2 | 8 | 12 | 3 | 9 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 13 | 2 |
| Ìý | VIM | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella serogenes | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella variicola | KPC | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other klebsiella spp | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Morganella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Morganella morganii | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Proteus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Proteus mirabilis | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Serratia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | NDM | - | 2 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Other serratia spp | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2024/02 | 2024/03 | 2024/04 | 2024/05 | 2024/06 | 2024/07 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | NDM | 1 | 1 | - | - | 2 | - |
| Pseudomonas | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | 2 | - | 3 | - | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | 1 | - | 2 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Other | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | - | - |